X-linked lymphoproliferative disease due to XIAP deficiency

A rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, caused by hemizygous mutations in the X-linked <i>XIAP</i> gene, resulting in B cell lymphoproliferation and manifestating with various phenotypes which include EBV-driven hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent splenomegaly, hepatitis, colitis, and intestinal bowel disease with features of Crohn's disease. Additional manifestations include variable auto-inflammatory symptoms such as uveitis, arthritis, skin abscesses, erythema nodosum, and nephritis. Neurological involvement is rare and lymphoma is never observed. Laboratory findings include normal or increased activated T cells, low or normal iNKT cells, and normal or reduced memory B cells.