Secondary non-traumatic avascular necrosis

A rare osteonecrosis disease characterized by death of bone cellular components secondary to an interruption of the subchondral blood supply, typically manifesting with unilateral or bilateral, unifocal or multifocal lesions usually located on the epiphysis, metaphysis and/or diaphysis of the femoral heads, knees, shoulders, ankles and/or wrists, leading to gradual onset of pain and progressive joint degeneration resulting in loss of function. Association with corticosteroid usage, alcoholism, hyperbaric events, radiation or cytotoxic agent exposure, hemoglobinopathies, and/or underlying autoimmune or metabolic disease, amongst others, has been observed.