Hereditary breast cancer

A rare genetic, malignant breast tumor characterized by early onset breast cancer in association with a germline mutation. Tumors arising in carriers of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> mutations differ morphologically and genetically from each other, as well as from sporadic breast cancers. Most <i>BRCA1</i>-associated tumors are invasive ductal adenocarcinomas of no special type, typically of higher grade than sporadic tumors, and more often negative for hormone receptors. In addition, more cases with features of typical or atypical medullary carcinoma are seen in these patients. Likewise, <i>BRCA2</i>-associated tumors tend to be of higher grade than sporadic ones, although their phenotype is similar. They show a low frequency of HER-2 expression.