Idiopathic avascular necrosis

A rare osteonecrosis characterized by bone necrosis due to disrupted blood supply in the absence of a known cause. Affected bones include the femoral head, talus, vertebral body, humerus, and scaphoid, among others. Patients may initially be asymptomatic but subsequently present with gradually developing refractory pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion. If left untreated, the condition may progress to bone collapse with secondary degeneration, fragmentation, and pathological fracture, as well as osteoarthritis.